Indian Education System, the system, undoubtedly, is the one which provides strength to every Indian.
Education, although the word is obtained from the Latin word “education” which means “bringing up”.
It is undoubtedly very true that the Latin meaning of education, which is, “bringing up”, depends on it.
No doubt, but it is the only education which makes an individual sparkle and brings them up in every sphere of life.
And also in Republic India, Education is the right of every citizen of it.
Thus,to let every citizen enjoy their “Right to education”,a proper Indian Education System is needed.
History of Indian Education System
India has the world’s largest and oldest education system.
No doubt,its antiquity and diversity are reflected in every educational site.
However, the history of Indian education system begins with elements that contain the learning of Indian religions, Indian mathematics and Indian logic.
These learning elements took place at early Hindu as well as Buddhist centres.
The learning centre includes ancient Takshashila as well as Nalanda, before Christ.
Nevertheless, with the establishment of the Islamic Empire over India, Islamic education became ingrained during the middle ages.
Similarly, when Europeans occupied India, along with them they brought Western education to colonial or occupied India.
Also Read: Indian Education System vs Foreign Education system
Early History
The earliest education in India was believed to be supervised by Guru aur Prabhu.
At that time, education seems to be open for everyone irrespective of caste or religion.
And also it was believed to be one of the methods to achieve enlightenment.
However, with the advancement of time, education seems to be divided on the basis of Varna and the specific duties one performs under his caste.
so, under this Varna system, there exist four castes, which were, Brahmins, Kshatriya, Vaishya and the Sudras.
Where The Brahmins learned about scriptures and religion, Kshatriya got educated in the various aspects of warfare.
Similarly, Vaishya and Sudras learned about Commerce as well as trained on skills to carry out work, respectively.
Besides these, the earliest venues of education in India remains quite far from the main population, in Ashramas, along with the gurus only.
However, with the increasing population during Gupta dynasty, Urban learning became common.
And the visible learning sites were cities such as Varanasi and Nalanda.
Institutional Education
Institutional education came into existence by the influence of Jains and Buddhists.
Their education institutes were Urban institutes of learning, such as Takshashila and Nalanda.
In these institutes, along with religious teachings grammar, medicine, philosophy, logic, as well as metaphysics, were also being taught.
School system for the first
The father of the school system in India is, Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay.
Along with school, he introduced the language English to Indian education as well.
He introduced the system in the year 1830.
Under the school system, subjects like science and mathematics were considered necessary while metaphysics and philosophy were unnecessary.
Under this school system, teaching is confined to classrooms.
As teaching got confined to classrooms, the link between nature and human got broken like the relation between the teacher and the student.
The first board establishment
The first board was set up in India at Uttar Pradesh, as Uttar Pradesh Board of High School and Intermediate Education in the year 1921.
In 1929, The Board of high school and Intermediate Education was established by the Rajputana’.
However, in 1952, the constitution of the board was amended and renamed as Central Board of Secondary Education and abbreviated as CBSE.
Indian education system before 2020
The new government of the Republic of India has cherished a dream of universal and compulsory education.
This dream was for the children of age group between 6 to 14 years.
Before 1976, the School system was in the hands of State Government and the matter falls in the state list while with the amendment, the School system is a matter of concurrent list.
The lead role was played by the central advisory board of education which is abbreviated as CABE.
While the key role in developing programs and policies was done by the National Council for Educational Research and training which is abbreviated as NCERT.
Before 2020, there was a 10 + 2 schooling system.
Under this structure, the schooling year is of 12.
Where the first ten years include classes from 1 to 10. And the two remaining years is for class 11 and class 12.
Under this,mother tongue of India (Hindi) was no more necessary from class 9th.
Along with this, students have no freedom to choose their own subject as well as platforms to study. It’s almost a single railway track.
Exam pattern
Before 2020, the National Education Policy 1986 takes a yearly exam in every class.
While the board examinations are taken during class 8, class 10 and class 12th.
However, the examinations are taken once a year and hence students don’t get much chance to enhance their quality.
Report cards mention the marks obtained by students at particular subjects refusing to talk about their abilities.
Higher education
According to the National Education Policy 1986, higher education is of 3 years.
In these 3 years, students get a Bachelor Degree.
It is also subject restricted like a student of medicine can’t study arts etc.
Indian Education System 2020
Under the NDA as Union government, National Education Policy 2020 was approved.
The policy got its approval on 29th July 2020.
The new policy wholly changes the previous education policy of the year 1986.
The policy includes a framework for elementary to higher education.
Apart from this, it also provides vocational training in both rural as well as urban India.
The changes and objective
The policy of education approved in the year 2020 focuses on the importance of mother tongue as well as regional languages.
Besides this, Sanskrit as well as other foreign languages had also got equal emphasis.
This policy focuses that none of a particular language is imposed on the student.
School education
The National Education Policy 2020, changes the school structure with 5+3+3+4 model.
The first 5 years is subdivided into two phases.
As 3 years of preschooling or Anganwadi. And the rest two years in class 1 and class 2 in primary school.
This 5-year plan covers children between the age group 3-8 years.
The later 3 years, covers the age group between 8-11 years including class 3 to class 5.
It primarily focuses on speaking, reading, writing, physical education, languages, art, science and mathematics.
The later 3-year tenure covers the children of age group between 11-14 years including classes 6 to 8.
Its main focus remains on subjects like mathematics, science, social science arts and Humanities.
However, the tenure of 4 year covers the age group between 14 to 19 years including classes 9 to 12.
It is subdivided into two phases.
The first phase includes class 9 and class 10 while the second phase includes class 11 and class 12.
Exam pattern
According to the National Education Policy 2020 examination will get conducted only in the classes 3,5 and 8.
Instead of conducting Board examinations once a year. It will be conducted twice a year.
Hence, students will get double of a chance to enhance their grades.
Along with this examination pattern, the report card includes the abilities of the students instead of only grades of particular subjects.
Midday meal scheme has also been changed by including into it the breakfast system.
Higher Education
Higher education proposes a 4-year multidisciplinary bachelor’s degree in an undergraduate programme.
It will include Professional along with Vocational areas.
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